Introduction to structural equation modeling using stata cair. Confirmatory factor analysis seeks to confirm that the survey item assignment to construct domains is supported by the variance covariance observed in the survey data. Factor analysis is a family of statistical strategies used to model unmeasured sources of variability in a set of scores. Confirmatory factor analysis part 1 psychology, statistics, research methods. Throughout the context of this paper we will use a single reallife example xiao et al. Although you initially created 42 factors, a much smaller number of, say 4, uncorrelated factors might have been retained under the criteria that the minimum eigenvalue be greater than 1 and the factor rotation will be orthogonal. Confirmatory factor analysis statalist the stata forum. For examples of running efa in stata, go here or here. It is contrasted with exploratory factor analysis efa. Confirmatory factor analysis using confa sage journals. Factor analysis in stata a little bit of this, a little.
As discussed earlier, we chose two criteria to assess the fit of exploratory factor models. Factor analysis with stata is accomplished in several steps. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for testing. I will present a set of routines to conduct a onefactor confirmatory factor analysis in stata. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa was performed using spss amos version 20 to report on the theoretical relationships between the observedand unobserved variables in quid including if the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Confirmatory factor analysis using stata part 1 youtube. Request pdf confirmatory factor analysis using confa this article describes. When cfa is used, the model first is proposed and then is applied to the data. If you look in the sem manual, examples 1, 3, and 15 will give you a pretty comprehensive view of how to use the sem command for this. Cyberloafing see correlation and regression analysis. Applied data analysis harvard graduate school of education. Conducting exploratory factor analysis in stata is relatively straight forward.
Brown psyd with its emphasis on practical and conceptual aspects, rather than mathematics or formulas, this accessible book has established itself as the goto resource on confirmatory factor analysis cfa. By contrast, confirmatory factor analysis cfa allows you to stipulate which latent factor is related to any given observed variable. When the observed variables are categorical, cfa is also referred to as item response theory irt analysis fox, 2010. Confirmatory factor analysis with a single factor stata. With cfa, researcher needs to specify both number of factors as well as what variables define the factors.
Articles and columns confirmatory factor analysis using confa s. Clicking on this blue link will open up the pdf file of the sem. This page shows an example factor analysis with footnotes explaining the output. A copy of the file containing the cfa model can be downloaded here. Something is amuck as when i try to run confa response is unknown command. Running a confirmatory factor analysis in stata is a little more complicated. Learn to perform confirmatory factor analysis in stata with data. Sas, spss, stata, amos, lisrel, and mplus all can conduct efa. Companion webpage for confirmatory factor analysis book published by guilford press. In the efa we explore the factor structure how the variables relate and group based on intervariable correlations. The cfa procedure replaced the older methods to determine construct reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis is just a particular type of sem. Table 1 provides an overview of fit indices for different factor solutions within cfa. What confirmatory factor analysis or cfa is, is an attempt to take data and say we know how the data is supposed to combine, we know that these 10 variables should go to this factor, these 10 should go to this other factor, it allows you to specify those factors and see how well your data fit your hypothesized factor.
This article describes the confa command, which fits confirmatory factor analysis models by maximum likelihood and provides diagnostics for the fitted models. The cfa was administered using the confa command in stata, version 11. I have downloaded the files on one computer and transferred them to ado folder under the v10 machines stata directory. Information regarding the intercorrelations among the factors should be reported in the text or in a separate table. Factor analysis can be either exploratory the computer determines what the underlying factors are confirmatory the researcher specifies what factor structure she thinks underlies the measures, and then tests whether the data are consistent with her hypotheses. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, second edition timothy a. Exploratory factor analysis if you are not familiar with the syntax for efa using stata, it is also relatively straightforward.
Confirmatory factor analysis differs from exploratory factor analysis by allowing the investigator to impose a structure or model on the data and test how well that model fits. Applying multilevel confirmatory factor analysis techniques to the study of leadership naomi g. The use of mata in programming will be highlighted. Confirmatory factor analysis using confa request pdf. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa and exploratory factor analysis efa are similar techniques, but in exploratory factor analysis efa, data is simply explored and provides information about the numbers of factors required to.
Run the factor command, followed by the rotate command. Confirmatory factor analysis with stata part 2 youtube. Kolenikov graphical representation of multivariate data using chernoff faces r. Cfawisc see confirmatory factor analysis with amos. It allows you to specify that factor loadings of lower. North american stata users group meetings 2006 from stata users group. The course features an introduction to the logic of sem, the assumptions and required input for sem analysis, and how to perform sem analyses using amos. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa is a multivariate statistical procedure that is used to test how well the measured variables represent the number of constructs.
Article pdf available in academy of management annual meeting proceedings 19971. Mplus defaults for cfasem with categorical indicators depend on whether you have covariates in the model. It is confirmatory when you want to test specific hypothesis about the structure or the number of dimensions underlying a set of variables i. Although the results from the onefactor cfa suggest that a one factor solution may capture much of the variance in these items, the model fit suggests that this model can be improved. This pdf has been generated from sage research methods datasets. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa is a technique based on a framework of structural equation modeling sem.
We will also comment on elements of computer programming for data analysis in stata. Structural equation modeling sem is a more general form of cfa in which latent factors may be regressed onto each other. Confirmatory factor analysis table 1 and table 2 report confirmatory factor analyses cfa results, separately for fathers and mothers. If you dont, the polychoric and possibly tetrachoric, polyserial, pearson, etc. Testing and interpreting critical parameters in the model. A stepbystep approach to using sas for factor analysis. An overview of confirmatory factor analysis and item. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa is the next step after exploratory factor analysis to determine the factor structure of your dataset. Instructors or students who seek a clear and concise text about factor analysis will.
Confirmatory factor analysis software free download. It is therefore recommended that exploratory factor analytic models are statistically evaluated, or that they are followed up by a confirmatory factor analysis. Factor analysis, in the sense of exploratory factor analysis, is a statistical. The offdiagonal elements the values on the left and right side of diagonal in the table below should all be. A cfa module, which is maintained and updated by stanislav kolenikov, can be. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmatory factor analysis cfa is a special form of factor analysis. Fitting the hypothesized model to data, and assessing its fit. The model is a hypothesis about a the number of factors, b whether the factors are correlated or uncorrelated and c how items are associated with the. Cfa and path analysis with latent variables using stata 14 1 gui. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa, otherwise referred to as restricted. Confirmatory factor analysis whether the factor structure of a noncognitive instrument is determined using psychological theory or empirical research, it is important to perform confirmatory factor analysis cfa, a special case of what is known as structural equation modeling sem. We can draw path diagrams using statas sem builder.
Descriptions of the command and its options are given, and some illustrative examples are provided. If you are using a version of stata older than 12 which you should have told us in your post, then you will not have an sem command. We will do an iterated principal axes ipf option with smc as initial communalities retaining three factors factor3 option followed by varimax and promax rotations. These data were collected on 1428 college students complete data on 65 observations and are responses to items on a survey. Table of contents click on the title to view the abstract or to view a pdf of the article. With respect to correlation matrix if any pair of variables has a value less than 0. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa is a hypothesisdriven variant of exploratory factor analysis that is based on measurement theory and represents a special case of structural equation modeling sem bollen, 1989. Transcription factor analysis using selex with high. In stata, efa is available via the factor estimation command and the associated. It is employed to test whether the measures of a constructs are consistent with the researchers understanding of the nature of the construct.
Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, second. Measurement theory is the branch of applied mathematics and statistics concerned with the measurement of phenomena in science and. Mark yusko on how we got to qe infinity from the fed duration. Confirmatory factor analysis cfa is used to study the relationships between a set of observed variables and a set of continuous latent variables. As it turns out, the first factor has in eigenvalue of 8.
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