Four of the seven plants constructed and operated used prismatic block fuel. Arevas 625 mwt steam cycle high temperature gascooled reactor schtgr has been selected by the next generation nuclear plant ngnp industry alliance as the reactor design concept of choice to provide high temperature process steam for industrial applications. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. Htgr generic technology program safety, systems and. Areva modular steam cycle high temperature gascooled. Schultz was section leader in gas high temperature gascooled reactor htgr core design department, responsible for the reactor physics design of the 2000 and 4000 mwt htgr. Dragon united kingdom, arbeitsgemeinschaft versuchsreaktor germany, high. In many ways this book is a unique source of past experience, and hopefully, it will serve as an important part of. Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for.
Because smallscale advanced reactors are not specific to only one reactor design and could be sited anywhere in the united states that meets nrc siting requirements, the nrc decided to pursue a technology neutral approach using a ppe. The primary intent of this effort is that this documented experience will provide the basis for further development of htgr fuels and reactor systems. Advancement of high temperature gas cooled reactors for. Doe as one of two possible reactor technologies for materials production goodjohn 1991. This publication reports on the results of a coordinated research project on advances in high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr fuel technology and describes the findings of research activities on coated particle developments. Xenergy plans to deploy the xe100 within 10 years, and ceo kam ghaffarian said moving the reactor into conceptual design put the company well on the way towards its goal. The development of htgr began in 1950s and the 20 mwt dragon reactor operated in the uk from 1964 through to 1977 within a framework of the oecdnea international collaboration as a productive research tool for the development of htgr. Hexagonal block fuel elements for the prismatic htgr design 6. These temperatures are slightly lower than the antares temperatures. High temperature nuclear heat sources studies have been carried out at general atomic company on the. Cost safety due to small core size, all htgrs have limited power levels and utilize passive features to achieve complete shutdown. In addition to generating electricity, these modular plants could produce process heat for use by industry. A successful conceptual design phase requires thorough planning, a mature technical baseline, and a workforce committed to creating a safe, deployable design. Develop and implement verification, validation and uncertainty quantification vvuq plans for codes and models for nuclear reactor design and analysis with respect to source term generation.
To date, seven htgr plants depicted in figure es1 have been built and operated. There are numerous books that focus on steadystate reactor design. The pbmr is a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, with a closedcycle, gas turbine or brayton power conversion system. Chapter 1 tackles the general considerations on thermal design and performance requirements of nuclear reactor cores. The interest of htgr is increasing in many countries as a promising energy future option.
Batch and semibatch reactors batch reactor at constant volume. The 2018 edition comprises of six 6 parts arranged in the order of the different types of coolants, the neutron spectrum adopted, and a sixth part a new category on other smrs that do not make use of the traditional coolants andor fuel design. Use of the ripb process improves the xe100 design regulatory certainty and provides the opportunity to leverage this intrinsically safe reactor design to optimize demonstration costs and subsequently enhance economic confidence. This book provides a unique overview of gascooled reactors, looking in detail at the hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr. Use a reactor nominal design code to generate the inputs required by a source term calculation code. A design of a modular high temperature gas cooled reactor gas turbine mhtgrgt concept, employing a direct brayton cycle, demonstrate the potential for achieving over 46% net thermal efficiency. Heat exchanger design considerations for gas turbine htgr. High temperature gascooled reactors lessons learned. Thermal and flow design of heliumcooled reactors ans. The gas turbine high temperature gas cooled reactor gt htgr power plant combines the existing design htgr core with a closedcycle helium gas turbine power conversion system directly in the reactor primary circuit.
Featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2 and 3phase reaction systems, including bubble columns, slurry. It is envisaged to deploy such technology in the near future, for. But really, this too becomes a question of reactor design, more than of thorium vs uranium. The objective is to cogenerate electricity and process heat flexibly and economically in order to meet a variety of market needs.
Organized according to the sessions of the conference, this book first describes the national programs for the development of advanced reactors. Overview of nuclear reactor systems and fundamentals someday man will harness the rise and fall of the tides, imprison the power of the sun, and release atomic power. Reactor innovative and secure iris, an integral pwr design with an electrical capacity of 335 mwe. What is the best book to study the reactor design, foglar or. Triso fuel drives global development of advanced reactors posted on april 9, 2017 by djysrv the development of an advanced fuel is enabling the design and deployment of new high temperature gas cooled reactors worldwide. Gascooled reactors, high temperature gascooled reactors. For a long time, a fundamental design study has been carried out in the field of the high temperature gascooled reactor i. The pebble bed modular reactor pbmr, like most new reactor ideas, is a reincarnation of an old reactor idea. Nov 06, 2002 featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2 and 3phase reaction systems, including bubble columns, slurry. Core design advanced reactor technologies idaho national laboratory. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The division encourages research and disseminates information through meetings and publications.
Preliminary design work was performed on this modular htgr npr, but the plant, originally expected to start in 1998, was never built hoffman and mears 1991. This provides structural design advantages and superior protection from external hazards. Areva modular reactor selected for ngnp development. Physics, design and economics contains the proceedings of the international conference held at atlanta, georgia on september 811, 1974. Early pressure pulse was vented through building louvers, while smaller and later flows, with more fission products flows were filtered through charcoal. Htrpm600 is a pebblebed mhtgr power generation unit with a sixpack of 250mwth reactor modules. Htgr reactor physics and burnup calculations using the serpent monte carlo code article pdf available in transactions of the american nuclear society 101. Modular high temperature gas reactor russia general atomics design 290 mwe prismatic core excess weapons plutonium burner in design phase in russia direct cycle start of construction depends on us gov funding maybe never.
The pebblebed reactor pbr is a design for a graphitemoderated, gascooled nuclear reactor. Nuclear reactor design an advanced course in nuclear. The gfy 82 studies summarized in this report address design improvements and cost reductions for high temperature process heat systems selected in gfy 81. The pebble bed modular reactor institute for energy and. It uses uranium fuel, a graphite moderator and a gas as a coolant. Advances in small modular reactor technology developments.
Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors there are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature. For consistency with these publications, the iaea has developed a number of titles in its safety reports series on accident analysis for nuclear power plants. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect. Lamar university nuclear reactor design neutron moderator graphite. Conceptual design construction of reactor establishment of fundamental technology proposal of a prototype of commercial htgr s system start of loss of forced cooling test research and development reactor physics very high temperature reactor critical assembly vhtrc thermal. Gasc l d r t htgr l t d i cooled reactor htgr plant designs. Abstract this howto tells you how to make a safe and fairly cheap pebble bed high temperature gas reactor using the minecraft mods rotarycraft and reactorcraft. Licensing criteria licensing criteria used for water reactors during this time period was adapted for htgr including the general design. The sc htgr was introduced by framatome in 2010, as a generation iv small modular reactor smr design concept.
States currently consider small modular htgr designs that allow the reactor to solely rely on inherent safety characteristics and design features instead of active engineered safety systems. Nuclear power currently only supports electricity generation. In this case the old idea is the high temperature gas reactor or htgr, that then was proposed in a modular version, known as the mhtgr. It will be the first truly new reactor design to go into commercial service in the u. Leak tightness design basis for htgr cavity liners book. National technical director doe advanced reactor technologies gascooled reactor campaign. Thermal hydraulics prediction study for an ultra high. The high temperature gascooled reactor htgr being developed by the ngnp project is far more than an extension.
Operation of the htgr design could be readily attenuated to follow the electrical power demand load, rather than be required to generate its nameplate power all the time. There are no books that consider practical control systems for real industrial reactors. Pdf htgr reactor physics and burnup calculations using the. The concept uses a 450 mwt reactor module designed for the doe sponsored steam cycle version of the mh. Small modular reactors design specificities of lwr and htgr type smrs, identification of issues of their deployments dr. Ig110 graphite is a major candidate for the core graphite components of the very high temperature reactor vhtr which is one of htgrs and one of the most promising candidates as the generationiv nuclear reactor systems. Xenergy moves their xe100 advanced reactor into conceptual design southern nuclear employee clint medlock joins xenergy as program management consultant for the xe100. Aug 27, 2012 high temperature gascooled reactor htgr high temperature gas cooled reactor. The fixed bed nuclear reactor fbnr is a brazilian conceptual design that does not require onsite refuelling. Draft preapplication safety evaluation report for the modular hightemperature gascooled reactor nureg38 was written in early 1989. The reactor core is configured in graphite prismatic blocks or in graphite pebbles nuclear fuel coated fuel particles, such as triso fuel particles. The basic design of pebblebed reactors features spherical fuel elements called pebbles. Htgr generic technology program safety, systems and component design and development.
The htgr neutronics analyst is responsible for performing reactor design calculations that includes reactor core sizing, fuel cycle design as well as fuel specification. Design nsr1 and in the safety guide on safety assessment and verification for nuclear power plants nsg1. Future development of modular htgr in china after htrpm. It is a type of veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, one of the six classes of nuclear reactors in the generation iv initiative. High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials. Introduction the hightemperature gascooled reactor steam cycle cogeneration htgr scc plant is designed to supply highgrade steam to an industrial process plant and to export excess cogenerated electrical power. An areva prismatic steamcycle hightemperature gascooled reactor sc htgr concept has been selected by the next generation nuclear plant ngnp industry alliance as the optimum design for next generation nuclear power plants. The book is comprised of six chapters that cover analysis of the predicting thermalhydraulics performance of large nuclear reactors and associated heatexchangers or steam generators of various nuclear systems. It is important to ensure that the equipment specified will be capable of achieving the desired yields and selectivity. Methanation plant design for htgr process heat technical. Htgr high temperature gascooled reactor acronymfinder.
Unlike opencycle gas turbines where the recuperative heat exchanger is an optional component, the high cycle efficiency of the. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr gas turbine power plant concept combines the existing design htgr core with a closedcycle helium gas turbine power conversion system which is driven by the reactor coolant helium. In 2012, the sc htgr design was selected by the next generation nuclear plant ngnp industry alliance for nearterm commercialization of htgr technology. Several attempts have been made to build reactors of this type, but none has so far entered commercial service.
Htgr design for process heat applications the high. The use of a gaseous working fluid enables the heat rejection to be well matched to the capabilities of dry cooling. Nuclear reactor design an advanced course in nuclear engineering. Since the htgr is quite different from the water reactor in design philosophy and accident characteristics, during the licensing process, hard discussion has been carried out on accident analysis and accident management, and finally a consensus was reached and fruitful results were obtained.
Discussion on the accident behavior and accident management. Reformer the general requirements for any heat exchanger which must operate in the primary coolant of a reactor are well known. Reactor design is a vital step in the overall design of a process. Kineticsreactor design learncheme educational resources. Triso fuel drives global development of advanced reactors. Chemical reactor design and control uses process simulators like matlab, aspen plus, and aspen dynamics to study the design of chemical reactors and their dynamic control. Vrain htgr was substantially more efficient than modern light water reactors, reaching a thermal efficiency of 3940%, excellent for a steamcycle power plant.
Early development work was carried out in the united states. Areas of technical interest include nuclear data, particle interactions and transport, reactor and nuclear systems analysis, methods, design, validation and operating experience and standards. The design is suitable for people who havent built a reactor before and who want to get started tinkering with nuclear energy. Two designs from the htgr family of reactors, which use helium for heat transfer, are also in precertificationthe pebblebed modular reactor from eskom and general atomics gasturbine modular helium reactor, a design that has received attention as a source of high temperature heat required for the production of hydrogen two other designs. Aug 01, 2003 two designs from the htgr family of reactors, which use helium for heat transfer, are also in precertificationthe pebblebed modular reactor from eskom and general atomics gasturbine modular helium reactor, a design that has received attention as a source of high temperature heat required for the production of hydrogen two other designs. Nuclear reactor design an advanced course in nuclear engineering oka, yoshiaki, kiguchi, takashi on. The neutronics analyst will be responsible for the reactor core design development and analysis, taking into consideration coupled neutronics, thermofluid dynamics, and fuel. High efficiency and attractive economics are possible without compromising the high levels of passive safety expected of advanced nuclear designs.
Htgr fuel is often much more highly enriched than the fuel in a watercooled reactor, with up to 8% uranium235. Other lessons learned will help to inform the design of other reactor components such as circulators, heat transfer systems, and power conversion systems. What is the best book to study the reactor design, foglar or levenspiel. This definitive work views the htgr from a worldwide historical perspective, from the development and operation of the first and second generations of gascooled reactors to their potential developments and applications in the future.
This summary report updates conceptual designs and cost estimates for monolithic high temperature gascooled reactor htgr plants used as a source of process heat. Xenergy ceo addresses industry on htgr reactor advancement. The hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr is similar in concept to the agr. Iii, the physics of intermediate spectrum reactors by j. In a batch reactor, the reagents are added together and allowed to react for a given amount of time. Htgr technology course for the nuclear ct rl i iregulatory.
Advances in high temperature gas cooled reactor fuel. From these models, a htgr design with a pebble bed core was chosen based on the following qualities. Hadid subki nuclear power technology development section division of nuclear power, department of nuclear energy technical meeting on challenges in the application of the design. Xe100 htgr moves to conceptual design world nuclear news. It covers land based and marine based watercooled reactors, high temperature gas cooled reactors, liquid metal, sodium and gascooled fast neutron spectrum reactors and molten salt reactors. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. Vrain project was innovative in more than one respect, and while it did not blaze the trail in htgr high temperature gascooled reactor commercialization a feat accomplished by the peach bottom atomic power station it did considerably advance the technology toward full commercial operation and duplication on a wide scale through some significant design. Htgr fumizawa, 1989b, fumizawa, 2007, which showed that a coolant outlet temperature was around 900 c. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. The flexblue design under development in france is a small seabed nuclear power plant with an output of 160 mwe. Safety reports series no iaea scientific and technical.
61 418 135 460 304 1282 39 211 424 964 1165 861 58 1136 1244 607 776 200 343 440 511 327 340 1265 1232 856 372 1375 752 962 808 298 129 953